It has been shown that activation of MAPKs can phosphorylate and activate a number of signaling pathways, including p53.
HIF-1α activation under conditions of hypoxia is known to activate a number of epithelial barrier-protective genes [ 49].
One of these are protein kinases (MAPKs); ROS or treatments that increase ROS activate a number of plant MAPKs, and ROS may act through activation of an upstream kinase, OXI1 [14], which has recently been proposed to also enable lipid-derived signals to be integrated via an oxidative signaling module, PDK1-OXI1 [15].
Depending on the cell type and the stimulus, JNK can activate a number of diverse downstream targets including members of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) family, c-Jun, JunD, activating transcriptional factor 2 (ATF2), Bcl-2 proteins, c-Myc and p53 (Bode and Dong, 2007; Lin et al, 2007).
Cellular activity and behavior are mediated by internal and external cues, which activate a number of small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family (Hall 2005) and thus orchestrate actin filament dynamics by coordinative activation of a number of actin-binding proteins (ABPs) (Pantaloni et al. 2001).
Ceramide has been shown to activate a number of enzymes involved in stress signalling cascades, including stress-activated protein kinases such as the Jun kinases JNKs, which are involved in ceramide-mediated apoptosis induction (Ruvolo, 2003).
This requires nuclear localization of a key transcription factor NRF2 to activate a number of antioxidant genes37,38,39.
Irritability, microalgal cells are able to activate a number of anti-oxidative defenses, and the lipid profile of many species is reported to be altered under oxidative stress.
Josephine Briggs, the director of the national centre for complementary and alternative medicine at the US National Institutes of Health, said: "It's clear that acupuncture may activate a number of different mechanisms … It's an interesting contribution to our growing understanding of the complex intervention which is acupuncture".
The ability to use available information about an object (e.g. the observation of something that has legs, is gray and has a trunk) to activate relevant existing knowledge in the semantic system (e.g. is endangered, has white tusks) can be characterized as a process of pattern completion where few elements serve to activate a number of relevant elements in the same representation1,2,3.
We can use the brain's neuroplasticity, center our actions with real care for the people we lead, and as a result, we will activate a number of behaviors and outlooks that help people be their best.
