Further analysis of our data suggested that NTP might activate a broader range of p53-relevant processes.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates a broad range of signalling pathways including mainly NF-κB and the MAPK cascade, but recent evidence suggests that LPS stimulation also activates the PI3K pathway.
BCG potently activated a broad range of leucocytes, and also enhanced the production of cytokines that were Th1-predominant.
ATP mediates its diverse effects by binding to and activating a broad range of cell surface P2Y and P2X receptors [ 45].
The simple Pin1 binding motif, pSer/Thr-Pro [ 7], is often found multiple times in a given protein, and thus Pin1 activates a broad range of phosphoproteins involved in cell division.
IL-10 activates a broad range of functional responses in different cell types inducing either inhibitory or stimulatory effects, such as down-regulating IL-1 and TNF-alpha synthesis by monocytes [ 8] or promoting the growth and differentiation of B cells [ 9].
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K /AKT signal transduction pathway contributes to cancer growth and survival, and is activated in a broad range of human malignancies including PCa [ 5].
98 100 To achieve their detoxifying function and to protect from various xenobiotics, both PXR and CAR act as low-affinity, broad-specificity xenosensors, which are activated by a broad range of structurally unrelated compounds (eg, rifampicin, clotrimazole, synthetic steroids such as 5β-pregnane-3, 20-dione, pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN), dexamethasone, anti-depressant St. John's wort).
Previous studies have indicated that HIF-2 responds rapidly to decreased oxygen levels to activate the expression of a broad range of genes that promote resistance.
These transcription factors have been implicated in cooperatively activating or repressing a broad range of downstream target genes [11].
