PST is an eight-step process to identify and define DD, establish realistic goals, generate ways to meet these goals, weigh the pros and cons of each, choose and evaluate solutions, create a DD action plan, evaluate outcome, and engage in pleasant activities (see pstnetwork.ucsf.edu) (26, 27).
Finally, the action plan was evaluated in relation to activities, results, staff responsibility, realistic budgeting, and the existence of a time frame for each objective.
During session 3 at week 5, which is held by telephone, all action plans are evaluated, a general evaluation of the training is conducted and, if necessary, a new appointment for a new session is made.
Again, these action plans are evaluated and agreements are made at the end of the session.
Five of these recommendations were to: create a national framework for concerted action; create a (national) curriculum strengthening body; develop learning methods, materials, and approaches; develop the institutional action plan; review and evaluate process, progress and outcomes[ 9] [personal communication, PW].
Briefly, the audit cycle entails identifying the need for change, setting criteria to be met, collecting data on performance, assessing performance against the criteria and creating an action plan, then re-evaluating the performance at a set time frame after implementation of the action plan.
Its life-altering approach is based on a "contract," an assessment tool and action plan, by which participants evaluate their status in areas of family, physical well being, education/vocation, and community involvement.
In our application, we use the therapy's five steps which consist of: a) developing a positive, optimistic attitude toward the problem and one's ability to cope with it; b) defining the problem and setting realistic goals; c) discussing and evaluating different ways to reach goals; d) creating action plans; and e) evaluating their effectiveness in reaching goals [ 84].
At the end of this session, the participant and trainer evaluate the action plan, make agreements regarding homework (i.e. contracting on performing and formulating new action plans) and conclude the session.
The cyclical model contains five stages: diagnosing, action planning, action taking, evaluating, and specified learning.
Theoretically, participatory action research involves all potential users of the research in the formulation, conduct, and application of the research and the research occurs in phased cycles (problem diagnosis, action planning, taking action, evaluating the actions, incorporating lessons, repeat) [ 18, 19].
