The phrase "acted as substitute of" is not correct in standard written English.
It should be "acted as a substitute for" to convey the intended meaning.
Example: "In the absence of the manager, Sarah acted as a substitute for him during the meeting."
Alternatives: "served as a substitute for" or "functioned as a substitute for".
Acidic macroporous resins acted as substitutes for both heterogeneous acids and supports of Pd-TPPTS complexes afforded many advantages, such as easy separation from organic products and good reusability.
They are also identified as regulators of pluripotency in recent years and can act as substitutes of Oct4, Klf4 or Nanog in reprogramming or in maintenance of pluripotency [ 24- 26, 93].
Given that our mixed co-culture model was maintained using only DMEM and collagen, we suspect that the BMSCs or the matrix molecules released by the BMSCs may act as substitutes for these types of matrices in three-dimensional culture.
On the other hand, these products may act as substitutes for long-acting insulin analogues and thus reduce the daily dose of DET and GLAR.
In the absence of reputation, the government and regulators act as substitutes to ensure appropriate conduct.
We have to act as substitutes for handling their asylum applications, giving them psychological support, and finding solutions to improve their living conditions," said Carlo Cominelli, head of the K-Pax co-operative.
As previous ALMPs, training measures can act as substitutes for work experience (screening effect)144.
Additionally, these sex hormones can act as substitutes for vitamin K, an essential growth factor for P. intermedius [ 59].
Neurology residents acted as substitute experts, since we were not able to recruit sufficient certified neurologists.
Our findings raise the possibility that different health worker cadres may be able to act as substitutes in provision of immunization services.
