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Using atom probe tomography, elemental partitioning to the phases and composition profiles across phase and grain boundaries are determined.
Keeping this in mind we define a local temperature of our chain and show that it jumps across phase boundaries, but not across sonic waves.
As for the numerical diffusion across phase interface, it is revealed for the first time and found to be induced by solid liquid phase change.
Issues including suitable algorithm development for treating large density jump across phase boundaries, turbulence and cavitation models, and interface tracking are discussed.
Numerical tests show that the differences in thermophysical properties can be correctly handled and the numerical diffusion across phase interface can be dramatically reduced.
In this reference the particle-averaged spatial derivative approximations are derived from a particle smoothing function in which the neighboring particles only contribute to the specific volume; this method handles density discontinuities across phase interfaces naturally.
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Fig. 9 Aligned patterns a across three phases and b between each two phases.
Social scripts remained largely static across phases.
Aligned cohort remains in the same strata across phases.
The maximal exercise test revealed minimal changes across phases.
Transitions are the links that trace migration of the cohort across phases (D in Fig. 5).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com