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It is the repeated exposure to such cues and contexts during the initiation and maintenance of drug use which is thought to result in these cues acquiring incentive motivational and conditioned reinforcing value [9].
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Just this month, Zavers added New York's D'Agostino to its partner network and when the company acquired Incentive Targeting last November, most pundits assumed it did so to work on Google Wallet, but the team actually joined the Zavers by Google group.
In this task, the subject first learns that two independent discrete cues (A+ and B+) signal reward availability, so that they acquire incentive properties.
Following general principles of Pavlovian conditioning (Maier & Schneirla 1942) and incentive learning (Dickinson & Balleine 2002), CPP tests have an extensive underlying theoretical framework (Bardo & Bevins 2000; Tzschentke 1998) that is consistent with the processes by which neutral stimuli acquire incentive salience (Berridge & Robinson 1998, Berridge 2003).
Not bad, but the company carded a $233 million operating loss for the period, much of which was driven by the cost of acquiring users, incentives to paid to merchants and general marketing costs.
But as Google has branched out into online services from maps and videos to comparison shopping, it has acquired pecuniary incentives to favor its own over rivals.
To the Editor: It's sad to see The Times endorsing an immigration plan that offers military service as an incentive to acquiring citizenship.
Mismatches can also occur as a result of changes in the incentives behind acquiring formal education, such as changes in government subsidies, as this can change the distribution of the supply of skills.
Questions focused on barriers and incentives to acquiring credentials, and responders were asked to rank answers on a five-point Likert scale (where one was most important and five was least important).
Goldberg explains: "We find that a charitable incentive acquires a lot of value, and we find it creates more honesty.
So-called retention bonuses used to be reserved for executives of companies being acquired, as an incentive to stick around while operations were combined and the buyers generally took control.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com