Although dynein-independent functions have been reported for dynactin these are most likely sub-functionalisations in specific branches of the eukaryotic tree in which either dyneins partnership became obsolete for certain functions or in which dynactin acquired additional specific binding partners.
Only a portion of the plastid-derived genes, which we can find now in the plastid-lacking protist genomes, might have escaped from or survived through eliminative pressure in a lineage-specific manner, by acquiring additional functions with other components and/or in other cellular compartments.
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Some of these changes involve specific genetic loci, determining the activation of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, while others confer genetic instability, which increases the possibility of acquiring additional genetic lesions relevant to tumorigenesis.
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The tests, which are taken by people who want to obtain a teaching license or to acquire additional credentials in a specific subject, are known as Praxis exams.
Current dogma suggests that such latter strains of E. coli have acquired additional genetic elements, encoding specific virulence factors, which enable the organism to cause disease when infecting an otherwise healthy individual.
However, the variability of the central domain of the vertebrate orthologues, suggests that TACC3 may also have acquired additional, and in some instances, species-specific functions.
In addition, the UAV may be used to acquire additional information and to perform actions.
Moreover, the novel microdomain in the isoform-specific region of the holometabolous insect EcR-B1 isoform suggests that the holometabolous insect EcR-B1 acquired additional transcriptional regulation mechanisms.
