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Sequentially, how much ethylene produced in plant tissues are positive correlated to ACS and ACO activities.
Besides the positive feedback genes, few ERF TFs also represent as repressor of ACS and ACO activities to prevent ethylene biosynthesis, including AtERF4, AtERF11, SlERF6, and MaERF11 (Lee et al. 2012; Li et al. 2011; Xiao et al. 2013; Yang et al. 2005).
It was suggested that Al-regulation of both CS and ACO activities might be responsible for the Al-induced increase in both secretion and accumulation of citrate [ 100].
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However, no increase in ACC content was observed in B fruit directly after 1-MCP treatment despite the reduction in ACO activity, probably because the ACO activity level was still high in B-treated fruit compared to G-treated fruit.
Indeed, an intermediate ACO activity in the septa and the columella results in an intermediate in vivo ethylene production, while the lower ACO activity in the placenta is reflected in a lower in vivo ethylene production, in contrary to the thigh ACS activity in the placenta.
Throughout storage, regardless of treatment, ACO activity peaked slightly at 20 DAT in G-harvested fruit while ACO activity in B-harvested fruit generally exhibited a downward trend.
The ACO activity assay was run as detailed in Aizat et al. [ 16].
Pericarp tissue showed the highest ACO activity followed by the septa and the columella.
Despite ACO genes being transcriptionally upregulated by ethylene and ripening, ACO activity is generally not rate limiting in ripening fruit.
Fonseca et al. reported ACO activity was below detectable levels in 'Rocha' pear during fruit growth [ 62].
The gel and the seeds hardly showed any ACO activity, although the gel did show some in vivo ethylene production.
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