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The peptide positive allosteric ligands produced left-shifts and peptide concentration-response augmentation in integrated extracellular acidification response asymptotic sigmoidal functions and concentration-response behavior in Hill number indices of positive cooperativity.
Bacterial killing is due to a rapid phagosome acidification response by the host that enables phagosome-lysosome fusion and presentation of antigens to T cells via MHC to occur in some infected cells.
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One peptide demonstrated significant functional indirect agonist activity, and five produced significant positive allosteric modulation of atropine-reversible, direct-agonist-induced cellular activation in stably m1AChR-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells, reflected in integrated extracellular acidification responses.
Similarly, in the common and widespread coccolithophore E. huxleyi, strain-specific differences in ocean acidification-responses have been observed (Langer et al. 2009; Hoppe et al. 2011), which may lead to an intraspecific shift from more sensitive to less sensitive strains (Beaufort et al. 2011).
Documenting the dynamics of ocean pH (ocean acidification) in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and other physical and biological drivers, and predicting its effects on webs of interacting species in coastal ecosystems.
Relying on evidence of mitochondrial disruption after early acidification in response to injurious stimuli [20], we next analyzed the consequences of low pH on mitochondrial functions.
Here, process understanding helps to explain, for example, why the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium benefits so strongly from ocean acidification, including responses in pathways like N2 fixation that are not directly affected by pH or CO2 (Kranz et al. 2009, 2010).
With the goal of achieving a better understanding of the effects of ocean acidification and responses to additional acute stressors across multiple physiological processes, we employed an integrative approach, combining analyses of shell micromechanical properties, fatty acids, glycogen concentration, and proteomics.
Shotgun proteomics revealed that several physiological pathways were significantly affected by ocean acidification, including antioxidant response, carbohydrate metabolism, and transcription and translation.
Extracellular acidification influences the response of cancer cells to cisplatin, making cells more susceptible (Atema et al., 1993; Groos et al., 1986; Laurencot et al., 1995; Murakami et al., 2001).
Next, we studied the effect of intracellular acidification on feedback responses in the absence of a pronounced change in pH buffer capacity.
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