Lysosomes are acidic single-membrane organelles that function as the major sites for digesting cargoes received from several pathways, including endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy.
Lysosomes, which were first described by de Duve and colleagues in 1955 [ 1], are acidic, single-membrane bound organelles that are present in all eukaryotic cells [ 2].
In order to analyze the effects of atmospheric multi-acidic gases inside vehicle tunnels on concrete, mass gains and neutralizing depths of concrete specimens in accelerated simulation chambers filled with multi-acidic gases or single acidic gas were measured and analyzed.
Compositionally modulated multilayer (CMM) Zn Ni deposits were electrodeposited from single acidic bath (pH = 4.7) by using a potentiostatic sequence.
Then, Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the CS nanofibers by potentiostatic technique in an acidic solution containing single ferricyanide.
The additive effect was independent of the pH and still present at pH 4. In acidic environment, both single NCT and H2O2 showed stronger killing than at pH 7, but this was much more pronounced with NCT.
As suggested in the above YbgH case, a single acidic residue may function effectively as a protonation site, provided that some electro-negative groups are present in its vicinity.
However, a single acidic group (Glu134, originating from strand β7) is buried deep within this cleft, flanking the pseudo two-fold axis of the protein structure.
In the context of the isolated amino-terminal half of Pc2, mutation of either of these pairs of amino acids, one of which consists of two hydrophobic residues, the other two basic residues, had more effect on E3 activity than mutating the single acidic residue within the proximity of SIM1.
