The phrase "acid cold" is not a standard expression in written English, but it can be understood in context.
It can be used to describe a sensation or feeling that is both sharp and intensely cold, often in a metaphorical sense.
Example: "The wind that swept through the valley was acid cold, biting at my skin and making me shiver."
Alternatives: "piercing cold" or "biting cold".
This article reviews certain strategies used by food-borne bacteria to respond to particular stresses (acid, cold stress, extreme pressure) in a permanent or transient manner and discusses the implications that such adaptive responses pose for food safety.
Enolase responds to salt and hyperosmotic stress [ 52]; and β-1,3-glucanase responds to abscisic acid, cold, auxin, ethylene, wounding and light dark cycles during ripening in banana fruit [ 53].
Most genes encoding LEA proteins had abscisic acid response (ABRE) and/or low temperature response (LTRE) elements in their promoters and many genes containing the respective promoter elements were induced by abscisic acid, cold or drought.
A total of 22 BcWRKYs were differentially expressed in response to at least one stress condition (abscisic acid, cold, salinity, heat, or osmosis) tested on Pak-choi leaves, and a co-expression analysis indicated stress-inducible BcWRKYs co-regulated multiple abiotic stresses.
Therefore, a cross protection effect obviously developed among acid-, cold- or starvation-stress-adapted cells when exposed to HBA.
At day 26, the final population of acid-, cold- and starvation-stressed cells averaged 0.8 log CFU/mL greater (P < 0.05) than that of the unstressed cells.
Overall, after exposure to HBA, compared to the unstressed L. monocytogenes cells, acid-, cold- or starvation-stress-adapted pathogen cells showed higher (P < 0.05) growth rates, indicating cross protection effects.
In general, after exposure to 4.44 or 10.0 mg/L of HBA, the acid-, cold- and starvation-stress-adapted L. monocytogenes cells showed fast growth and high final pathogen populations, ranging from 8.3 to 8.4, 8.5 to 8.8, and 8.6 to 8.9, respectively.
However, acid-, cold-, and starvation-stress-adapted L. monocytogenes cells showed resistance and cross protection to HBA.
The initial unstressed and acid-, cold-, and starvation-stressed L. monocytogenes populations were 1.7, 1.5, 1.7, and 1.3 log CFU/mL, respectively.
In this study, the growth behavior of unstressed or acid-, cord-, or starvation-stress-adapted L. monocytogenes in ham extract containing 4.44 or 10.0 mg/L of HBA was evaluated during storage at 7.2 ± 0.2°C.
