To evaluate the feasibility of achieving a fire-rated FRP system an investigation was undertaken to examine and document the performance of near surface mounted (NSM) FRP strengthened concrete beams under fire conditions.
Tests results on fire indicated that insulated NSM FRP strengthened beams can achieve a fire endurance of at least 2 h.
A minimum top concrete cover thickness of 55, 65, 70, 70, 65, and 60 mm is required to achieve a fire resistance of 90 min for the ASTM E119, ASTM E1529, HMC, RWS, RABT_Train, and RABT_Car top fire exposures, respectively.
Similarly, if the designer is aiming to achieve a fire rating of 90 min for the concrete deck with the same type of GFRP reinforcement, a minimum top cover thickness of 55, 65, 70, 70, 65, and 60 mm is required for the ASTM E119, ASTM E1529, HMC, RWS, RABT_Train, and RABT_Car top fire exposures, respectively.
Given the parameters of the control system (including a pair of target firing rates), this theorem shows that achieving a specific firing rate mean and variance is necessary and sufficient for the time-averaged control system to reach a fixed point.
The joint special representative for Syria Lakhdar Brahimi has appealed to the Iranian authorities to assist in achieving a cease-fire in Syria during the forthcoming Eid Al-Adha, one of the holiest holidays celebrated by Muslims around the world.
He was asked by the United Nations to negotiate an end to the violence following the 1991-92 dissofution of Yugoslavia -- achieving a cease-fire in Croatia and brokering a peace plan for Bosnia that was derailed by Warren Christopher, then the secretary of state.
The joint special representative underlined The Joint Special Representative for Syria Lakhdar Brahimi has appealed to the Iranian authorities to assist in achieving a cease-fire in Syria during the forthcoming Eid Al-Adha, one of the holiest holidays celebrated by Muslims around the world.
He insisted that Hamas had won a great military victory by achieving a cease-fire with Israel last month after eight days of rocket launchings and airstrikes, and said it could form the basis, with the General Assembly vote, of a new Palestine Liberation Organization that would contain all Palestinian factions.
Thus, the top concrete cover thickness of concrete bridge decks should be designed to achieve a specified fire resistance (for example 90 min) when exposed to the HMC fire curve.
Achieving a durable cease-fire proved elusive.
