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The intention is to minimize the deviations of the achievement functions from their aspiration levels.
Large deviations from the targets could be prevented by using achievement functions in the overall priority models.
Also, different attitudes are used to derive target achievement functions, which can be viewed as a support for "probability as psychological distance".
Within the planning models, each participant's forest management goals are defined using additive priority functions consisting of weighted sub-utility and/or achievement functions.
(i) The integrated top-down model uses achievement functions on the landscape level and sub-utility functions on the individual holding level; while (ii) the integrated bottom-up model uses achievement functions on the holding level and sub-utility functions on the landscape level.
(iii) The integrated utility maximization model consists of weighted sub-utility functions on both the landscape and the individual holding levels and (iv) the integrated regret minimization model uses achievement functions on both levels.
Similar(52)
The definition of the plan achievement function goes back to a collision avoidance mechanism.
Maximizing the achievement function minimizes the deviation from the target value for the corresponding goal variable.
If they have the same number, the one with a smaller achievement function wins.
The achievement function of MCGP is defined to be (Chang 2007).
Under this circumstance, we prefer those with a small value of the achievement function, indicating that they are close to the preferred region, shown as Lines 3 12.
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