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Third, are the gender and racial differences in LE and LA peer effects, if any, distributed differently within the achievement distribution?
The results in Table 5 provide evidence of the importance of looking within the achievement distribution.
If we did not look within the achievement distribution, our conclusion would have been that LE students have no effect in math or on white native students, and we would have missed the differential effects across the achievement distribution.
Interestingly, in second grade the shape of pupils' achievement distribution in reading varies with the family background.
For white students, we find negative LE peer effects in reading only in the top third of the achievement distribution.
On the other hand, shape changes appear not to be particularly pronounced for the mathematics achievement distribution.
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This paper contributes to provide empirical benchmarks to evaluate gender differences: effect sizes on the mean and at the extreme tails of the achievement distributions have been computed on the ten latest international large-scale assessments.
The achievement of nano distribution for inorganic reinforced filler is a big challenge to three-dimensional porous composite scaffolds.
It was also found that the operating temperature strongly affects the electrical efficiency achievement and temperature distribution along the SOFC system.
But if we want to be truly post-racial in another 150 years, then we must accelerate our progress toward spreading awareness of race as a social construct, not a biological classification, or justification for persistent disparities in wealth, health, educational achievement or the distribution of opportunity.
Although a great deal of progress has been made with regard to South Africa's health system reforms (1, 4), the full achievement of equitable distribution of healthcare through a primary healthcare (PHC) approach has been hampered by a number of obstacles, including health worker shortages, inequities in resource distribution, and shortcomings in healthcare leadership (5).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com