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As shown in Table 8, for about 91%% of all profiles across all European countries, a subject-specific strength or weakness for one or two subjects can be observed, when 10 point within profile achievement difference is considered substantial.2 11%% of all profiles describe a relative strength in reading, 22 % a relative strength in mathematics and 23%% a relative strength in science.
However, as the results listed in Tables 15 and 16 show, all students' academic achievements get better as we can tell from the t test analysis and the students' achievement difference (from pre-test to post-test) between the control and experiment groups do show significantly different.
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In their efforts to explain observed achievement differences in the data from large-scale assessment studies, researchers have increasingly combined different background indicators (Bos et al. 2012; Martin et al. 2008; Mullis et al. 2007, 2008; OECD 2014a) by scaling them into latent background variables.
The results showed striking achievement differences among the states since the law was passed.
Furthermore, the achievement differences between the industrial clerks and their comparison groups are as assumed.
When conducting these analyses, I controlled for gender-related and SES-related achievement differences.
Furthermore, achievement differences between ethnic groups on various cognitive subscales were reduced as compared with traditional estimates.
Our findings indicated that judgments were systematically lower for marginalized learners after controlling for standardized achievement differences.
To explain the achievement differences among the fourth-grade students participating in PIRLS/TIMSS 2011, Martin et al.
One objective of cross-cultural assessments such as PISA is to better understand achievement differences across countries.
Low-income preschoolers begin Kindergarten behind their middle and high-income peers in mathematics, and these achievement differences grow as they progress through school.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com