In optimisation, there is usually an objective to be achieved, either that of maximising or minimising an entity or a number of entities, and this is always captured in the objective function.
Transformation of the reduced form to a neutral can be achieved either by addition of small amount of acid (AcOH) or an oxidant like Br2.
This process is achieved either by incorporation of gas phase oxygen or by diffusion of bulk lattice oxygen [1, 90].
For example, shape control of inorganic materials in biological systems was achieved either by formation of membrane vesicles [9] or through functional molecules such as aluminophosphates and polypeptides that bonded specifically to mineral surfaces [10].
In summary, increased Wnt signaling seems to enhance bone formation, and this can be achieved either by administration of more Wnt ligand or by removal of an inhibitor.
The high sensitivity was achieved either by optimization of the intrinsic device transfer characteristics (such as lowering of the subthreshold swing or by tuning the gate potential) or by chemical surface modifications.
In the case of the phenylurea herbicide, chlortoluron, CYP-mediated detoxification is achieved either by hydroxylation of the ring-methyl or by di-N-demethylation [ 1, 19].
This supports the model of a regulated activation state in lupus patients that can be achieved either through activation of T cells or NK cells.
Modification of polymer surfaces can be achieved either by the design of copolymerization or binding of active molecules [ 5].
BMI1 knock down (BMI1kd) was achieved either by means of siRNA (transient) or shRNA (stable) technology.
