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ESA's Earth observation satellite Envisat was successfully launched on 1 March 2002 by an Ariane-5 launcher, and ESOC immediately took over the task of determining and predicting the orbit using S-band tracking data, and optimising the manoeuvre sequence to bring the spacecraft into an orbit accurately phased with ERS-2.
The use of haplotypes is advantageous for genomic prediction and GWAS [ 16, 63] provide accurately phased haplotypes.
In the absence of family data, extended haplotypes outside these local blocks could not be accurately phased.
Kong et al. (2008) demonstrated this point in a large sample from a founder population, where they found that genotypes could be accurately phased and imputed using simple identity-by-state (IBS) calculations to identify shared haplotype segments.
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We present a new method and software for inference of haplotype phase and missing data that can accurately phase data from whole-genome association studies, and we present the first comparison of haplotype-inference methods for real and simulated data sets with thousands of genotyped individuals.
In order to accurately phase confirmed sequence deletions relative to the surrounding SNP genotypes, a recently-developed algorithm was employed (CNVhap, see Materials and Methods).
After characterizing the haplotype patterns in the region, we were unable to make robust inference: further family data will be required to accurately phase haplotypes for this rare event.
However, if the population is large and includes a considerable number of small half-sib groups with reliable pedigree data, AlphaPhase is recommended over hsphase since hsphase cannot accurately phase small half-sib groups.
The difficulty in accurately phase separating the multiple phases within a scaffold undergoing bone regeneration is first highlighted.
The modification of the mixing rules, with the infinite-pressure excess-free-energy term expressed by a NRTL-like model, allows reproducing accurately phase equilibria of polar and apolar systems.
Even if haplotypes are phased accurately, the two haplotypes of the same sample may be located at different branches of a phylogeny tree and will be treated as if they were independent samples in subsequent statistical tests.
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