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This should especially apply to target measures, i.e. the number of errors under accuracy instruction and latency under speed instruction.
The tasks varied by verbal instructions: after a baseline task, children were either instructed to work as fast as possible (speed instruction) or as accurately as possible (accuracy instruction).
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Sensory cortex (MT+) exhibited activity increase prior to the response under both speed and accuracy instructions (Figure 4c).
Unlike sensory (MT+) and primary motor cortex (M1), the activity of neural regions in medial frontal and lateral prefrontal cortex increased prior to the response under both speed and accuracy instructions.
The inverse effects of speed and accuracy instructions on coherence and baseline trial activity in pLPFC and pre-SMA are compatible with a flexible baseline account of the SAT.
For instance, Voss, Rothermund, and Voss (2004), Ratcliff and Rouder (1998), and Wagenmakers et al. (2008) showed that accuracy instructions increase boundary separation, easier stimuli have higher drift rates, and unequal reward rates or presentation proportions are associated with changes in starting point.
This speed-accuracy instruction served to keep error-rates stable across the experiment.
Speed-accuracy instructions generally affected activity within the pLPFC and pre-SMA in a similar manner.
Moreover, some of these regions were also differentially sensitive to speed-accuracy instructions.
As noted above, this criterion metric varied with speed-accuracy instructions.
However, further analyses revealed that speed-accuracy instructions differentially affected neural processing in pLPFC and pre-SMA.
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