As predicted, all participants named the word-cued items significantly faster than the noise-cued (F1 and F2 p < 0.001; Figure 1), with a mean difference between cue types of 158 ms and accuracy at ceiling for both (Table S2).
In German, reading accuracy reaches ceiling levels very rapidly in beginning readers (Wimmer et al. 1998; Vaessen and Blomert 2010), and dyslexic readers usually have little problems with accurate reading (Klicpera and Schabmann 1993; Wimmer et al. 1998; Zoccolotti et al. 1999).
Across all trials, accuracy was near ceiling for both conditions (M real-objects = .91; M static-images = .92).92
Mean accuracy was at ceiling (93%), precluding meaningful analysis.
The model fits these data well and predicts accuracy close to ceiling, as was observed empirically.
Accuracy was at ceiling level in all groups in all conditions in the experimental task (overall accuracy: G3: 99.63 ± 1.92; G5: 99.80 ± 1.49; Adults: 99.76 ± 1.52).
Estimating response biases requires an examination of the type of errors participants make to new items, but new item accuracy was at ceiling in our data.
Objects were presented in 1 of 16 possible vertical positions along the midline, with 8 above and 8 below fixation, (Fig. 1), given that piloting showed this was effective in reducing spatial source accuracy performance from ceiling (and producing a close match to temporal source accuracy).
This did not reveal any indications of reading difficulties in any of the participants: Word reading accuracy was at ceiling levels (range 98.8 100%) and oral text reading at an unpressured ("read at your own pace") task ranged from 151 to 189 wpm, which is within 2 standard deviations of a normal range reported by Lewandowski et al. (2003).
A prior control experiment (see next section) with an independent group that performed our simulated burglary task confirmed that they recognised these crime probes as referring to the previously encountered objects with ceiling accuracy, and overwhelmingly rated these probes as eliciting automatic, involuntary recall of the burglary objects.
