Sentence examples for accumulation of duplication from inspiring English sources

The massive accumulation of duplication events at the LCA of the Phytophthora genus suggests a large-scale duplication event that predates the speciation and hence might be driving the adaptive radiation within this genus.

This accumulation of duplication events was already observed earlier by Martens and colleagues who used an independent method to time the age of paralogs in Phytophthora spp. (Martens and Van de Peer 2010).

More importantly, the relative numbers and the major trends observed in our analysis, such as the accumulation of duplication in the common ancestor of Phytophthora spp., are independent of the exclusion of the lower quality alignments (supplementary additional file 16B, Supplementary Material online).

The massive accumulation of duplications at the LCA of Phytophthora spp. points to a large-scale duplication event (fig. 3; supplementary additional file 6, Supplementary Material online).

Synteny erosion is caused by the accumulation of duplications, deletions, inversions, translocations, and transpositions of chromosomal segments of various lengths or individual genes and their fragments.

In addition to the high abundance of lineage-specific duplications that are partially balanced by losses, we observed a pronounced accumulation of duplications at the LCA of Peronosporales and especially at the LCA of Phytophthora (66 duplication events).

A notable exception is the observed accumulation of duplications at the LCA of Phytophthora spp. (2.83-fold (log2) higher than expected) (fig. 2; supplementary additional file 5, Supplementary Material online); this is 1.5 times higher compared with the other duplications at internal branches.

It has been postulated that the accumulation of duplications at a constrained point in time can be indicative for duplications that affect either large parts of the genome or the whole genome (McLysaght et al. 2002; Jaillon et al. 2004; Kellis et al. 2004; Jiao et al. 2011).

The recombinants found in the homokaryons possibly resulted from long-term accumulation of gene duplication and/or repetitive sequences within a genome, which is known to be rich in fungal genomes (Raffaele and Kamoun 2012), or from chromosomal rearrangements (Heitman et al. 2013; Perkins 1997) (see Possible account for recombination events occurring in the homokaryon of "Discussion").

Therefore, perhaps the accumulation of ancient duplication genes might result from a saturation of mutations at non-synonymous sites.

This may suggest that non-viable chromosome rearrangement events have been fixed in the sterile plants, or that accumulation of more duplication and deletion events present in two copies rather than one is more likely to result in disruption of alleles related to fertility [ 35].