Conceptual uses enable unambiguous learning by multiple stakeholders with conflicting views in governance; symbolic uses promote an ambiguous consensus between them; and the large numbers of indicators accumulated achieve 'plurality of satisfaction' but make monitoring impractical.
This study sought to determine whether child abuse and neglect predicts allostatic load (a composite indicator of accumulated stress-induced biological risk) and to examine potential mediators.
Traditional ecological indicators arise from accumulated experience in which feedback from an ecosystem are applied to future behaviours and use (Berkes 2007).
This methodology has been shown to be a robust indicator of the accumulated hazards of smoking [ 15].
The contribution of smoking to UADT cancer mortality was estimated indirectly by using lung cancer mortality as an indicator of the accumulated mortality from smoking in a population.
Production of NO was determined by measuring the accumulated level of nitrite, an indicator of NO in the supernatant after 24 h of LPS treatment with or without different concentrations of plant material and Baicalin.
Recent estimates of smoking-attributable cancer mortality utilize lung cancer mortality data as an indicator of the accumulated hazards of tobacco smoking and tightly link several temporal, ethnic, and geographic cancer mortality disparities to smoking [ 1, 2].
This method uses lung cancer mortality as an indicator of the accumulated mortality from smoking in a population [ 20], and can therefore be used to determine the proportions of smoking-attributable mortalities from other smoking-related diseases, such as UADT cancers [ 21].
Bite marks are the result of a hard pressure to the skin, e.g. a bite, during the 7-week growth phase of the winter coat [ 38] and, as such, are an excellent indicator of aggression accumulated over this period, and of reduced animal welfare [ 12, 33, 39].
We extracted all data from our prospectively maintained archive of publicly accessible health statistics, named the Globally Accumulated health Indicator Archive (GAIA).
