For both oxygen and sulfur, linear regression was used to correct unknowns to the international reference values and to account for scale compression.
We apply the mean market output in order to account for scale effects which may not be adequately captured by variability between farms in the mean market income or land area.
This lack of data may hinder effective policy making for environmental management, since it restricts the ability to fully account for scale sensitivity of natural drivers in policy design.
Thus, as shown in equations (5) to (7), the error term should include a scale function with arguments Z to account for scale variation among respondents, among attributes, across questions, and to accommodate sequence effects, {U}_j = {V}_j+frac{varepsilon_j}{sigma (Z },j=1, dots, J (12).
Results using simulated and empirical data show that the presence of dominant alternatives can bias model estimates, but by making scale a function of a smooth approximation of normalised minimum regret we can properly account for scale differences without the need to remove choice tasks with dominant alternatives from the dataset.
Whether any of these theories of dyadic preference could account for scale preferences in music has not been examined.
Thus any of these theories could account for scale preferences if the metrics were quantified and used in the algorithm presented here in place of percentage similarity.
The stimuli in Experiment 2 possessed a fixed velocity and so it could be argued that, whilst the stimuli accounted for scale invariance in the spatial domain (a range of stimulus sizes and path lengths were examined), the temporal aspects of scale invariance were ignored.
In order to account for scale differences, all continuous variables were transformed into subgroup specific z-scores before entering the model.
Generalised multinomial logit models are able to account for scale heterogeneity of preferences as well as taste heterogeneity, i.e. utility estimates might vary between individuals not only because of differences in preferences, but also due to differences in variance.
