This is not to suggest that accountability structures of the past were somehow stronger, or that public actors like the WHO or states are implicitly more accountable or legitimate.
Here are four key good practice pointers for collaborative working: Establish democratic and accountable governance structures.
"As Americans," he said, "our goal should be to help reformers turn the end of tyranny into durable, accountable civic structures – strong constitutions, political parties committed to pluralism, free elections, the rule of law and property rights, hopeful economies drawn into open world markets, healthy civic institutions, protections for the rights of minorities and women.
"A more representative, responsive and accountable governance structure is essential to strengthening the I.M.F.'s legitimacy," the American Treasury secretary, Timothy F. Geithner, said in a statement.
The dairy scandal raises the core question of whether the ruling Communist Party is capable of creating a transparent, accountable regulatory structure within a one-party system.
We are where we are with academies and free schools, but a rigorous, fair, locally accountable regulatory structure must be put around all schools, covering everything from non-selective admissions to school improvement and standards.
For projects such as UK10K, there are limited resources both in terms of expertise and time to establish governance systems, yet there are good reasons why such projects should have a responsible and accountable governance structure in place.
However, in Malawi, where DHMT members described a context that lacked a systematic, accountable supervision structure, with unclear criteria and assumed expectations of staff performance, supervision practice was dependent on the attitudes and priorities of supervisors.
It pledged to make state structures accountable to the public by creating administrative courts to hear citizen complaints against the authorities; it also proposed oversight mechanisms for some state bodies.
They are private structures accountable only to donors (individuals as well as USAID), not to the Haitian government or beneficiaries.
