Certain general-purpose reloadable cards that are typically marketed as an account substitute initially may be sold or issued in the form of a temporary non-reloadable card.
Caps on deposit rates are becoming less relevant, thanks to an explosion of bank-account substitutes that now attract nearly a third of household savings.
Banks compete for deposits with an array of investment products; households place 30% of their savings in bank-account substitutes, up from 5% in 2009.
Some anecdotes, including Radomski's account of substituting his urine for Dwight Gooden's in several drug tests, are designed to generate headlines.
Knowledge of the company's internal planning and accounting systems substitutes for substantive knowledge of the business, making competitive innovation unlikely.
In fact, Ms. Munnell said that moving to the elderly index — and adding the mechanism to account for substituting cheaper items when prices rise — might make more sense.
Future research should take explicit account of substitute care contexts in designing and carrying out studies examining the adult outcomes of aging out foster care populations.
One could modify this account by substituting membership in a cognitively sophisticated species for membership in the human species as the second sufficient condition for FMS (Cohen 1986; possibly Scanlon 1998, pp.185 86; and Finnis 1995).
If items vary with respect to discrimination, however, it may be useful to take this feature of item response function into account by substituting η ij = a i (θ i − b j ) into Equation (1).
If subjects were not located, other subjects from the same group of age and sex were randomly selected as substitutes: substitution accounted for less than 12% of the corresponding sample in each of the six surveys.
"You have benefits from the new personal accounts increasingly substituting for the mandated benefits," said Peter Ferrara, a professor at the George Mason School of Law.
