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Its parameters are calculated based on the Friis free-space path loss equation and the Fresnel equation to take into account reflection and rough surface scattering factor F. Note that the horizontally and vertically polarized components of the transmitted signal will be differently reflected and, thus, the channel matrix should have different diagonal elements.
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Based on the optical constants, calculations of optical losses in CdS/CdTe solar cells have been carried out taking into account reflections at the interfaces and absorption in the TCO and CdS layers.
where B 1 = B hc m − 1 × d 2.303 Open image in new window and B2 is a constant which take into account the reflection.
The model takes full account of reflection, refraction, and diffraction phenomena, due to strongly varying, 3D bottom topography and ambient currents, as well as dissipation of wave energy due to bottom friction and wave breaking.
Figure 15 shows the reduction of Jsc on the CdTe layer thickness due to a decrease in Ahv taking into account the reflection from the back surface (labeled as "Optical losses").
Complex algorithms that account for reflection waves and aortic impedance are used to analyse the arterial wave and derive the stroke volume.
To take this into account, skin reflection measurements across the 300 420 nm range are compared with those of a white teflon block (assuming 100% reflectance).
One can add a reflecting barrier at 0 to account for reflections of the Brownian particle off the bottom of its container.
Curves Ahv(d) and Ahv(2d) are without and with taking into account 100%% reflections from the back surface, respectively.
The raison d'être of the review, consequently, lies in the personal account and reflections weaved into the fabric of current developments of the two areas.
The insights gained from this study should suggest if there are advantages in developing a hybrid TMO to account for reflections and minimize any negative impact on the viewing experience.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com