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And, if it is necessarily true that p, then everything including the subject's justification for her belief will entail or guarantee that p. Our attempt to account for certainty encounters the opposite problem: it does not allow for a subject to have a belief regarding a necessary truth that does not count as certain.
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Methods are described to integrate the levels of various risk factors into an overall risk score for each area, to account for the certainty or variability around those measures and then to allocate surveillance resources across this risk landscape.
We're thrilled they have listened to the concerns of autistic people and their families, and put this right by taking into account their needs for certainty and safety.
In general, every indubitability account of certainty will face a similar problem.
Adapting this approach to our present concern, the suggestion is that we formulate an account of certainty in light of paradigmatic instances of beliefs held with certainty.
Taking as its point of departure Quintilian's novel understanding of certainty, this study looks to some of Quintilian's intellectual forebears as well as his later readers to show how his work is both a nexus of earlier intellectual developments as well as an important inspiration for later accounts of certainty, even into the early modern period.
A second problem for indubitability accounts of certainty is that, in one sense, even beliefs that are epistemically certain can be reasonably doubted.
But because that projection did not account for the near certainty that Congress would approve more money for fighting the war and for other issues, Republicans said they assumed the budget would end up tens of billions of dollars in deficit for those years, especially given the election-year pressure on both parties to increase spending.
To account for this situation, Internode Certainty (IC) and Internode Certainty All (ICA) indices were introduced using Information Theory [ 121].
Of his 56 charges, Mr. Niles and the crew can account for only four with certainty.
Property losses from the fire can be accounted for with relative certainty as detailed surveys were made immediately afterwards.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com