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For example, the selective ablation of autophagy in the brains of mice has been shown to lead to neurodegenerative disease without any other accompanying mutation, indicating that the systemic modulation of autophagy may be naive (Refs 37, 113).
These phenotypes are due to the glc7 alleles rather than an accompanying mutation because each trait cosegregates with ipl1 suppression in backcrosses.
Ten generations of replication with an accompanying mutation rate of 1/10,000 bases resulted in 1,024 known allelic patterns containing variants at frequencies ranging from present in all patterns (100% frequency) to present in 1/1,024 (0.097% frequency).
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However, the repeated occurrence of the beneficial mutations on different backgrounds also means that no single set of accompanying mutations gets fixed.
Depending on accompanying mutations, different genes are likely to be selected for silencing in different tumours, making it difficult to detect a specific epigenetic profile for EZH2 overexpression.
The presence of accompanying mutations of such oncogenes as RAS isoforms has also been shown to be an important determinant of the Sprouty's deregulation and mode of action.
In ELISA studies, binding of N-CEACAM1 to UspA1 527 665) was significantly impaired when I91 was mutated to Ala, and moderate reductions in binding accompanied mutation of surrounding residues Y34, Q44 and G47, whereas little or no effect was noted for the mutations of S32, T56, V39, V96 and Q89.
They also suggest that Ser80 plays a critical role in anchoring the bridge that coordinates the quinolone to the Gram-negative enzyme and that quinolone resistance that accompanies mutation of this residue is caused by a disruption or alteration of the bridge.
However, given the contribution to resistance of the accompanied mutations, their role in resistance is unlikely.
Altered vesiculation that accompanies mutations of epsin's amphipathic helix points to the importance of this module in vesicle generation.
This LOH definitely accompanies mutations in cases of invasive lobular carcinoma, however, the classic pattern of LOH coupled with inactivating mutations in lobular carcinoma in situ has not been confirmed.
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