Recent studies have reported that the accumulation of DHNs in woody plants correlates with seasonal transitions in dormancy and cold acclimation stages during winter [ 16, 48], but characterizations of DHN genes expressed during dormancy are limited.
The present study explores how acclimation in the larval stage of Culex pipiens affects thermal relations in the adult stage.
Plastic responses can be induced during development (developmental plasticity) or in the adult stage (adult acclimation; [ 5, 19, 20]), and beneficial effects of a brief exposure to less extreme temperatures are referred to as rapid hardening [ 1, 21, 22].
The nine libraries (leaves, buds at four different stages of cold acclimation, and fruit at four different stages of ripening) were multiplexed and sequenced on two plate runs of the 454-GS FLX Titanium platform.
Instead of being upregulated during cold acclimation, its transcript level was higher in the early stages of cold acclimation, then downregulated as cold acclimation progressed, then upregulated during deacclimation.
Indeed, all showed the expected trends in terms of their gene expression patterns, with all having high transcript levels at the earliest stage of cold acclimation (0' buds), being downregulated as cold acclimation progressed, then upregulated as deacclimation commenced, except for lipoxygenase which, as expected, remained at fairly low levels during deacclimation.
The acclimation of all life stages of L. serricorne to 42 °C significantly improved their survival when exposed to 50 °C.
This may have great value for enhancing the establishment of container-grown plants in the landscape, as fully leaved plants may suffer from severe drought stress during early stages of acclimation in the landscape.
In the present study Hnf4a (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha) was repeatedly implicated as being of potential importance for coordination of gene expression during the early stages of acclimation to zinc restriction.
Transcriptome sequences were generated from blueberry fruit at different stages of development, flower buds at different stages of cold acclimation, and leaves by next-generation Roche 454 sequencing.
Evidence in favor of symmorphosis in adults is as abundant as evidence against it, but the plasticity of some morphological traits may be dependent on the ontogenetic stage at which acclimation acts.
