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Another major drawback of many of these techniques is that they measure the overall accessibility of the substrate, including the amount of accessible lignin and hemicellulose, not just the cellulose.
One key factor that influences RNA repair efficiency is the accessibility of the substrate RNA for ribozyme binding, which is complicated by the fact that RNAs may assume multiple conformations and have proteins bound to them in vivo.
The accessibility of the substrate after this physical treatment restored the activity found in solubilized Zera-xylanase per gram of fresh tissue.
The purposes of these experiments were mainly two-fold: (1) to show the utility of MgZ in sensor development; (2) to demonstrate that NAE sensors can also be engineered on the basis of a mechanism that regulates the accessibility of the substrate through ligand binding.
Two main factors could explain the reduction in xylanase activity: i) the low accessibility of the substrate to the enzyme and ii) disruptions in the structure of the enzyme that would result in the presence of inactive forms of xylanase in PBs.
When designing enzyme responsive delivery platforms, it is critical to understand the accessibility of the substrate to the enzyme.
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This brings a porosity control to the classical sol gel encapsulation and therefore increases the accessibility of the substrates to a maximum of enzymes.
The different production levels observed among the lignocellulosic materials are probably related on differences in composition and the accessibility of the substrates to the fungi.
Overall, these results suggest that Aurora B delivers constitutive levels of phosphorylation during the attachment phase, and that the regulation of attachment depends on the accessibility of the substrates (Liu et al, 2009).
Because cellulose is embedded in a lignin matrix, pretreatment of the lignocellulosic material is needed to enhance the accessibility of this substrate for the conversion of cellulose to glucose.
This suggests that the slowdown and failure to release 100% of the sugars in the non-PFI-refined samples is at least partially due to a lack of enzyme accessibility to the substrate and not to a chemical barrier inherent to biomass composition.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com