Exact(3)
The essay sets forth a model of access duties leading to entry and Cournot duopoly and evaluates outcomes when that access duty is breached.
This essay focuses on standing and in particular the question of how the antitrust doctrine in Illinois Brick should apply to situations in which there is an alleged breach of an access duty owed by an incumbent local exchange carrier.
That access duty might arise under the 1996 Act itself or under applicable antitrust doctrines, such as the essential facilities doctrine or the duty to deal with competitors seen in Aspen Skiing.
Similar(57)
In order to prevent data from excessive privilege abuse, the proposed system permits authorized users to access duty-related resources.
Airports may have gyms, Internet access and duty-free shopping, but most don't offer dry cleaning--not yet, anyway.
Russia's role as a major energy supplier to the rest of Europe and Belarus's position as a key transit country have come under the spotlight several times since 2006, when tensions first arose between Moscow and Minsk over the price of Russian gas and Belarus's privileged access to duty-free oil.
In drafting the respective lease agreements, the master lease LLC tenant, but never the individual owner, can have express rights of access and duties to make repairs to the property.
LDCs are eligible for special concessions, such as access to duty-free export markets and high levels of developmental aid.
Effective provision of ecosystem services through a market-mechanism thereafter depends on a range of additional conditions including inter-changeability of supply, scalability, lack of corroboration, adequate information, financial capacity, clarity of property rights, clarity of resource access-related duties and institutional capacity.
Selected barriers and stigma (e.g., military record access, being active duty) in this sample of participants from all military services are similar to those of active duty Army and Marine returnees [ 1].
b On the Monday in September 2001 when the stock market reopened after the Islamic attack on New York, in a similar access of patriotic duty, I bought stock.
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