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The aim of this step was to ensure that the translation (instructions, items and response choices) was acceptable, understood in the way it was intended to be, and the language used was simple and appropriate for the target future users of the scale.
This demonstrates the potential of cognitive interviewing to reveal problems not identified by expert panels or through previous use of questions in the field suggesting that cognitive testing of questions which have already been field-tested remains valuable in improving question wording and in ascertaining whether topics are acceptable, understood and can be answered with reasonable accuracy.
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While participating on the side line is perfectly acceptable, understand that you are shoving moshers from their "blind spot" in most cases.
The questionnaire showed to be highly acceptable, easily understood, and capable of being self-administered.
All carers actively used problem solving strategies but sometimes these were not acceptable or understood by the person with dementia, particularly as the dementia progressed.
Table 2 shows the items included and excluded at the qualitative development stage.> > Cognitive pre-testing confirmed that the items derived from the criteria (see Table 1 and " Appendix") were acceptable and understood as intended.
"Their level of French was acceptable, and people understood and accepted".
These limitations may be acceptable, but understand them at the outset.
Even more troublesome was the problem of the arrangement of entries for several persons of the same name; reference to the older encyclopaedias under such headings as "Henry, Johnhn," or "Louis"—names held by both princes and religious potentates will show how little the art of acceptable arrangement was understood.
Of course, care must be taken to change regulations only when the impact on non-economic aspects of value is both acceptable and well understood.
In this study, both the original English and Malay versions of the SF-NDI have been found to be acceptable and easily understood by Malaysian dyspeptics, and demonstrated to have good psychometric properties, suggesting that the SF-NDI is suitable for use in these patients.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com