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It is interesting to ask if these patterns are also true for our group of accelerated elements.
And we do find some tendency for our accelerated elements to be located in the final band of chromosomes.
Flanking sequence and exonic 5′ UTRs are enriched for elevated substitution rates, especially compared with introns, which are relatively depleted of accelerated elements.
They suggested that biased gene conversion might contribute to this, an idea that was supported by the fact that their human accelerated elements were enriched in the terminal band of chromosomes.
In an earlier study, Pollard et al. found that in the 202 accelerated elements they identified on the human terminal branch there was a substitution bias from AT to GC. AT to GC substitutions constituted 57% of their total, while GC to AT were 29%.
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It is hypothesized that accelerated element diffusion, especially of aluminum, from coating to substrate is the main factor for these observations.
Such a cluster is what we would expect in a true accelerated element.
As a second example, we consider an accelerated element on internal branch 2. It is the 4th element in our 10% FDR group for this branch.
To that end, we will be accelerating elements of our core strategy, and breaking ground in new areas.
To reach higher elements, Ghiorso designed an accelerator called the Omnitron that would have accelerated all elements up to uranium to high energies.
In the case of Yangochiroptera this is particularly evident in elements CRCNE00009713, CRCNE00009716 and CRCNE00009717 which have 3.35, 2.29 and 1.68% of sites identified as significantly accelerated, these elements are some of the most proximally located to HMX2 and HMX3 based on the human annotation (see Additional file 8: Figure S7C).
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