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Specifically, homologous but rearranged chromosomes may not be able to undergo proper pairing and/or disjunction during meiosis, thus can suppress recombination and accelerate divergence and speciation by reducing hybrid fitness [5].
Conversions involving pseudogenes could accelerate gene family evolution, and may accelerate divergence of some gene families relative to their orthologs.
Conflicting models have been proposed whereby mixed breeding systems either slow [ 12] or accelerate divergence [ 18, 23, 26].
Additionally, the existence of transient environmental discontinuities that restrict gene flow may greatly accelerate divergence processes and change the geographic location of a genetic divide [ 13]; explaining the frequent concordance of a phylogeographic break with biogeographic boundaries [ 4].
Thus, the likelihood of a single invasion seems much more reasonable when we consider not only the possible effects of Wolbachia within populations but also how Wolbachia infections can accelerate divergence among populations (divergence among mtDNA lineages), especially those connected by very limited gene flow.
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Can such a model explain the unstable timing of Argentina's decline, with periods of accelerated divergence (the 1980s) and some of moderate convergence (the 1960s)?
To investigate whether nGPCR duplicates exhibit an accelerated divergence that could serve new functions, we compared the sequence divergence of the two WGD-derived duplicates.
Again, in the human FKH family, where the DNA binding domain is highly conserved across family members, the rest of the protein domains exhibit an accelerated divergence relative to the DNA binding domain immediately after duplication (data not shown).
Positive diversifying selection is an evolutionary force that favors new mutations conferring a fitness advantage and thus leads to an increase in gene diversity and accelerates divergence between homologous proteins.
This method has proven useful to discriminate between different scenarios resulting in accelerated divergence.
Perhaps more likely is the following possible explanation that postulates a basis for accelerated divergence.
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