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On the basis of the bimodal activity patterns of ACC neurons that modulate their discharge rate in response to performance feedback and warning stimulus presentation, our results suggest that both evaluative and attentional ACC activities are intimately linked to error processing.
Besides these core catalytic reactions, ACC activities are allosterically regulated by multiple factors including phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and citrate (Beaty and Lane 1983a; Brownsey et al. 2006; Ha et al. 1994; Meredith and Lane 1978; Munday et al. 1988; Wojtaszewski et al. 2003).
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In contrast, we did observe ACC activity while the same subjects performed the Stroop task, in which an area of the ACC activated during both conflict and error trials.
For instance, it has been shown that leptin is able to stimulate fatty acid oxidation through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), subsequently inhibiting acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity, in the skeletal muscle [13].
Impaired DLPFC function leading to increased conflict and errors might predict increased ACC activation in individuals with schizophrenia, according to the conflict-monitoring theory (ACC activity is elicited by more conflict and errors).
We expected ASD participants to show: (i) an increased antisaccade error rate; (ii) increased ACC activity during both correct and erroneous antisaccade trials and (iii) reduced FA in the WM underlying ACC.
In addition to its regulation at the level of gene expression and phosphorylation, ACC activity may also be regulated in a feedback loop by the product of FA synthesis, acyl-CoA: ACC activity in mammals [85 87] and presumably also in yeast [88], is inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoleoyl-CoA, respectively.
SCD1 regulates the biosynthesis of fatty acids by at least two mechanisms: 1) the regulation of the cellular content of palmitic acid, which is a powerful negative regulator of ACC activity [49], and 2) by controlling the phosphorylation status and hence the activation of AMPK, which in turn phosphorylates ACC reducing the enzyme activity and the overall rate of lipogenesis in cells.
First, although ACC activity during conflict processing does correlate with prefrontal post-conflict activity, this correlation is not unique to the ACC, in the stop signal task.
No significant ACC activity was observed following any of the target conditions.
ACC activity during the Stroop color word interference task has been of particular interest.
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