Bickerton, a member of the editorial board of New Left Review, rather approves of the first part of this phase, which has a strong influence on academics abroad.
Last year, for example, Li Shaomin, an American citizen and seven-year employee of AT&T in New Jersey, was arrested by the Chinese government on spying charges as part of a campaign to intimidate ethnic Chinese academics abroad.
This explains why, today, German leaders and commentators confidently use the term "migrant" to refer to the ongoing influx of people — at the same time that journalists and academics abroad engage in heated online debates about whether the term "refugee" is more appropriate and sensitive.
In 2010, the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa (SA), created an Alumni Diaspora Programme to boost international research collaboration and networking between leading medical and health sciences alumni who now live and work at academic institutions abroad with academic colleagues 'back home'.
American academics go abroad, it seems, mostly to buy chintz or terra cotta, but their books are just as long.
This reflects Mr Brown's concern over the so-called brain-drain of poorly paid British academics going abroad, usually to the United States, to take advantage of higher salaries and more generous research grants.
Syriza's ticket includes academics based abroad including Costas Lapavitsas, an economics professor at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, who has become a prominent advocate of resolving Greece's woes within the eurozone.
Instead the uneasy, distrustful members — dominated by long-exiled members of the Muslim Brotherhood, academics living abroad for decades and political activists fleeing Syria — have spent most of their time in luxury hotels arguing over which faction should claim what responsibility.
David was only a few weeks old when they moved in, but Marion quickly filled the house with visitors: relatives and fellow leftwing writers, dissidents and academics from abroad, the occasional politician - all of them arguing around the basement dining table or on the narrow stairs at parties.
The latest clampdown took place yesterday when the government ordered universities to call back Turkish academics from abroad.
Thanks to a succession of government initiatives to bring Chinese academics working abroad back home, the scientific environment in China is increasingly bilingual.
