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The frequency and the amplitude of the excitation force were accurately controlled by the AC current flowing through the coil of the electromagnetic device.
In the 3ω technique, heat is introduced into the coating by an AC current flowing through an evaporated resistor with a frequency ω.
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The convective heat transfer coefficients were obtained using the data reconciliation method for two energy balance equations defined at different locations and for the power loss equation for the AC current flow of the considered switchgear.
Although the ac current flows through the top FeNi film, the crystal texture of cobalt nanowires strongly influences the exchange coupling effect at the interface.
This effect is basically a consequence of the reduction of the material's effective cross-section when an AC current flows due to the skin effect.
Assuming constant AC current flow through the outmost pair of the ring electrodes (here, the rings a and d), and constant value of the blood conductance, the heart volume is then estimated by measuring conductance between the two inner electrodes (i.e. the rings b and c).
Under the null condition, no ac current flows in the wire connecting the electrodes, and the value of is given by the bias voltage under the null condition.
Contact resistance is calculated by measurement of the drop in the AC current voltage flowing through the interaction impedance of the spindle, the tool and the workpiece.
If the robust droop method proposed in reference [8] is applied in the high-voltage microgrid as shown in Fig. 3, in addition to current flowing into AC common bus, the remote bus voltage V also should be sampled by voltage sensors as shown in Fig. 4 with K s connected to Channel 1.
Despite the fact that all SMs fail to be blocked except one, the one that is blocked successfully provides the possibility of interrupting the DC current flowing to the MMC AC side.
The unilateral conductive characteristics of the diode will prevent the DC current flowing from the DC grid to the MMC AC side.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com