The diagnoses of dependence, abuse, intoxication, and withdrawal for each substance are described in the chapter entitled "Substance-Related Disorders" in DSM-IV.
Research instruments are also often insufficiently sensitive to discriminate between independent and substance-induced symptoms in patients with ongoing substance abuse, intoxication, or withdrawal symptoms.
The characteristic elements of drug abuse — craving, intoxication, dependency and withdrawal — correspond with disruptions in these circuits.
Patients who were suspected of substance abuse or intoxication were not included in this study.
Cases deemed related to alcohol, drug, or other substance abuse or intoxication are not included in either database.
The rest of the deaths were attributed to various causes including infection, kidney, blood, joint, endocrine, and rheumatologic diseases as well as alcohol abuse or intoxication and accidents.
Examine each of these persons carefully for charges of child/spouse abuse, public intoxication, DUI, fraud, and assaults.
ADEs, including adverse drug reactions (ADRs), sub-therapeutic effects of drug therapy (STEs), drug dependence and abuse, drug intoxications from overdose, and morbidities due to drug-related untreated indication, were detected during a 3 month study period, and assessed for preventability.
More transparency on that field is urgently required to avoid abuse and eventual intoxication of staff and environment.
The gender difference in suicide mortality could be attributed to the difference in preference of more lethal and violent suicide method (Mergl et al., 2015), alcohol abuse and its intoxication at the time of suicide attempt (Menon et al., 2015).
Some symptoms that are due to anxiety disorders, antisocial personality disorder, developmental disabilities or mental retardation or the effects of substance abuse such as intoxication and withdrawal can overlap with some ADHD.
