But what there is, in abundance, is problem solving.
This is largely due to difficulties in correlating sequencing depth for a given mutation with its actual abundance, a problem that stems from experimental limitations including amplification bias and differential mapping efficiencies of disparate genomic loci.
The inclusion of multireads adds complexity to the abundance estimation problem but EM algorithms are well suited to this task (Li and Dewey 2011; Nicolae et al. 2011; Turro et al. 2011; Roberts and Pachter 2013).
A related group of metagenomic tools, such as METAPHLAN [ 7] and WGSQUIKR [ 13] addresses the abundance estimation problem, that is, they estimate from the reads the proportion of each organism present in the sample.
The l1 penalty term has the effect of continuously shrinking the coefficients toward 0 as λ increases and, for λ sufficiently large it can be shown that some coefficients are set exactly to 0. Extending this to the abundance estimation problem requires that the above estimation procedure be repeated for each i, i = 1,..., n.
And there is, so to speak, an abundance of problems in such an approach.
Cynics will point to the abundance of problems, but the underlying theme today remains the same as at the end of 2012; a supportive Federal Reserve is not to be trifled with .Meanwhile Bruce McCain, chief investment strategist at Key Private Bank in Cleveland, told Reuters the new peak on the S&P reflected the fact that many of last year's anxieties had receded.
Food abundance is a problem, but culture has helped here, too, by promoting the idea of moderation.
The analysis above based on protein abundance has the problem that protein abundance is affected by a number of other factors such as translation elongation and mRNA abundance.
Feng and Zhang [38] studied the existence of solutions for the operator equation Tx=x,quad xin P_{u_{0}}, where (X_) is the positive cone of an ordered Banach space X, and P_{u_{0}}=bigl{ xin X_ mid xgeq|x|u_{0}bigr},quad u_{0}in X_, |u_{0}|leq1 is a subcone of (X_), and obtained some meaningful conclusions, which can be applied to an abundance of concrete problems.
