While the range of mass loading, column abundance, and effective radius are all consistent with accepted bounds of previous observations, the specifics of the distributions do not appear to match previously retrieved estimates of variability.
This practice has continued from ancient times to the present, despite the abundance of effective modern treatments.
If populations of beneficial RFS have gone locally extinct and low dispersal distance limits RFS re-colonization (Rout and Callaway 2012), then the observed time lag of Maianthemum could be due to the low abundance of effective fungal partners.
Indeed, because these two species varied greatly in their respective abundance and effective population size (Table 1) while being equally affected by fragmentation, it is more likely that this common pattern arises from other traits such as dispersal ability or behaviour.
Because the probability of targeting an Ag depends on its effective abundance, changes in Ag abundances modify targeting probabilities.
Despite the abundance of websites, effective and efficient searching can be frustrating when a query results in over 100,000 hits.
The fact that there is a threshold for efficient presentation implies that self-Ags with an effective abundance below the threshold must increase in abundance in order to induce immune responses.
According to that, the effective abundance increases not only if the actual abundance does, but also if the Ag becomes more accessible to the APCs (e.g. after infiltration of APCs in a tissue), or if a particular MHC allele has greater affinity for that Ag.
Ideally, the effective abundance would be the product of the actual abundance, the degree of access that APCs have to the Ag, and the affinity of the MHC-peptide complex, normalized in such a way that the sum of effective abundances for all Ags equals one.
Since the frequency at which a given Ag is presented depends on its effective abundance, this minimum number of MHC-peptide complexes can be translated into an effective abundance threshold a* (see Methods).
