These are extremely complex issues, and, in public debate, we make abstractions of the complexity of the problem, and the debate quickly becomes caricatural.
The NLP manuals, such as the one of Jurafsky and Mantin [43], are based on a hierarchy of types of linguistic knowledge, elaborated based on a scale of abstraction and complexity, i.e., the higher the level of this scale, the more complex are the modeling and computational treatment of the knowledge (according to Figure 1).
From the operator's perspective, working with observable measurements (e.g., the RSRP) is usually preferable since the concept of quality sometimes requires certain level of abstraction and complexity to draw inferences from the measurement analysis.
Part of the challenge in model building is to choose the right level of abstraction despite the complexity of biological processes.
Altogether, this approach provides a theoretical architecture that allows for numerous levels of abstraction and complexity across several phenomena in visual narratives.
DL differs from conventional machine learning methods by virtue of its ability to learn the optimal representation from the raw data through consecutive nonlinear transformations, achieving increasingly higher levels of abstraction and complexity.
NaviCell allows demonstrating map content in a convenient way, at several scales of complexity or abstraction.
To some extent, missing details of complex intervention might be inevitable during abstraction of information due to the complexity in practice.
Approaches based on high-level semantic models such as [ 25] use models of higher abstraction and complexity than our system with impressive results.
However, a verification activity for two kinds of complexity factors the level of abstraction hierarchy (AH) and engineering decision (ED seems to be insufficient.
