The emphasis on applied rather than basic science represents a sharp departure by the Swedish Academy, which has for decades favored abstract breakthroughs like the discovery of new subatomic particles or the creation of unusual states of matter, said scientists both inside and outside the academy.
Jackson Pollock led a breakthrough by abstract painters into the public eye: and it was while these Abstract Expressionists were establishing themselves that Rauschenberg started making his radical art that poised itself between the poesie of Abstract Expressionist painting and the blunt materials of everyday American life.
"The breakthrough achieved by abstract art," she added, opened "a previously unimaginable realm of creative freedom" for artists and architects.
These somewhat lacklustre pieces soon give way to more sensuous abstract watercolours, created after a breakthrough trip to Tunis in 1914.
Working part of the time in Murnau and part of the time in Munich, he began the process that led to the emergence of his first strikingly personal style and finally to the historic breakthrough into purely abstract painting.
Educated in music and literature at Harvard on the G.I. Bill, openly gay and soon to be a major poet, he wrote art criticism and became a go-to curator for new art at MOMA, helping to organize breakthrough shows of Abstract Expressionism.
In an adjacent room you come upon photographs of hard-edged abstract paintings that could be the breakthrough of an unknown modern master; in fact, they are cunningly altered images from the catalogue of an Ellsworth Kelly show.
In a breakthrough… There is no abstract available for this article, but its contents are reflected in the displayed keywords.
The "Internet Of Things" gets a lot of hype, but with a few notable exceptions, its breakthrough applications still feel a bit abstract, like they're always just around the corner.
None of Pollock's abstract paintings is more Bentonian in design than the breakthrough work known as "Mural," which Pollock painted in 1943 and which was recently restored and is now on world tour.
