Sacha Sadan, director of corporate governance at L&G, said that abstentions used to be regarded as "yellow cards" by companies and used to have an effect on behaviour.
The objective of this study was to provide insight into the validity and stability of lifetime abstention by using data derived from the National Alcohol Survey, a national probability survey of US households conducted in 1984, and its 2 follow-up surveys conducted in 1990 and 1992.
As the latest episode in the wave of shareholder activism over boardroom pay was expected to unfold, one of the biggest investors in the stock market – Legal & General – admitted that it was no longer using abstentions at annual meetings to express concern about boardroom behaviour.
In order to use lifetime abstention as the reference, RRs for those studies that had current abstention as the reference were adjusted; for each sex, studies that had both current and lifetime abstainers were used to determine the overall prevalence of former drinkers among current abstainers and the RR of former drinkers relative to lifetime abstainers (weighted by precision).
For maximum comparability with previous work [ 9], we performed multivariable analyses using logistic regression, with a dependent variable of abstention (versus moderate drinking, with heavier drinking excluded) or sedentary lifestyle (versus physically active).
To determine the cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of the surgical treatment of female urinary incontinence using suburethral slings and prolapse meshes compared with therapeutic abstention.
The documents indicate that the officials who formally held the top posts -- the members of the Politburo Standing Committee -- were split two to two, with one abstention, over whether to use force to end the protests.
The decision to use lifetime abstention as the reference follows the earlier CRAs for alcohol (see [ 3, 5]; see [ 25] for a detailed discussion of this choice).
The finding that more than half of those reporting lifetime abstention had reported in 1 of the earlier assessments drinking at some time in their life should strongly caution against using this variable as a key comparison for alcohol epidemiology.
We continue to strengthen these policies and minimise abstentions to ensure we use the power of our voting that is available to us.
