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The hemolytic percentage (HP) is calculated using Eq. 2: {text{HP }}left( % right) = frac{{D_{text{t}} - D_{text{nc}} }}{{D_{text{pc}} - D_{text{nc}} }} times 100{text (2)where Dt, Dpc, and Dnc are the absorbance of the tested sample and the positive (deionized water) and negative (PBS) controls, respectively.
where Asample is the absorbance of the tested sample; Anegative, the absorbance of the negative control (i.e., mixture of equal volumes of 2% erythrocytes and saline); and Apositive, the absorbance of the positive control (i.e., mixture of equal volumes of 2% erythrocytes and distilled water).
C value is the absorbance of the control solvent (blank) in the presence of enzyme, where T is the absorbance of the tested sample (plant extract or positive control in the solvent) in the presence of enzyme.
DPPH free radical-scavenging activity was calculated according to the following equation: Inhibition rate % = [ 1 − (A i − A j ) / A 0 ) ] * 100 Where A0 was the absorbance of methanol (2 ml) and DPPH (2 ml), Ai was the absorbance of the tested sample (2 ml sample and 2 ml DPPH), and Aj was the absorbance of the blank (2 ml sample and 2 ml methanol).
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The radical scavenging activity of the tested samples, expressed as percentage inhibition of DPPH, was calculated according to the following formula: (1) IC = [ A 0 − A t A 0 ] × 100, where A t is the absorbance value of the tested sample and A0 is the absorbance value of blank sample at a particular time.
Meanwhile, absorbance of the tested samples at the other two spectrums; i.e., UVB (290-315 nm) and UVA (315-400 nm), are discussed.
The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the tested sample was calculated as [1 − (absorbance of sample − absorbance of blank) / absorbance of control)] × 100.
The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the tested sample was calculated as [1 − (absorbance of sample − absorbance of blank)/absorbance of control)] × 100.
The antiradical activity (AA) of the tested sample was calculated using the following formula: AA = 1 − absorbance of sample- absorbance of blank absorbance of control × 100.
A0 was the absorbance of the control (blank, without extract), and A1 was the absorbance in the presence of the tested samples.
The antioxidant activity (E) of the tested samples was calculated by determining the decrease in absorbance at different concentrations by using the following equation: Where At and Ac are the respective absorbance of tested sample and ABTS+, [ 19].
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