Exact(3)
However, relating life-history or POL of different cohorts to the behaviour of these cohorts using their absolute trait values is apparently difficult in short-lived animals in situ, since cohorts hardly overlap.
It is common, however, that individuals do not only differ in their absolute trait value (like mean egg size) but also in their slopes of response to some factor or covariate (like change of egg volume over the laying sequence).
However, all analyses were also done using absolute trait values, which yielded similar results in general; these results are therefore only shown where they differed from those obtained using relative values in whether they were significant or not (α = 0.05, two-sided).
Similar(57)
It's one of her absolute best traits and it drives me up the wall.
This, however, does not mean that the study of absolute specific traits should be preferred over the study of fertilization success, or vice versa.
The SSCD was calculated as the sum of the absolute difference between trait states of each pair of sister nodes or tips over the whole tree.
Concerning G trait, absolute best results (81.6%) are obtained in the agreement database, using MS + Δ in 140 ms frames, 22 centroids, Hilbert envelope, 240 Hz as max.
We performed ancestral state reconstructions of three traits (absolute brain mass, absolute body mass, relative brain mass) using 37 extant and 23 extinct primate species and three approaches to ancestral state reconstruction: parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian Markov-chain Monte Carlo.
Taking the average of absolute deviations across traits yielded the lowest values for P ρ and P ρ 2, only slightly higher than for unpenalized estimates, whilst mean absolute differences for the other penalties were about twice as high (Table 3).
An inverse rank transformation was used for l-ascorbic acid and continuous cardiometabolic traits to harmonize data across contributing studies before applied analyses and take into account systematic differences in the absolute value of traits because of differing study protocols [as seen previously (23)].
Thus, a given value of sperm competitive ability, which represents the absolute investment in traits that convey advantage under conditions of sperm competition, has the potential to generate a wide range of different fertilization success values, depending on the sperm competitive ability of rival males.
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