Selective excavation had greater relative and absolute cost-effectiveness advantages compared with alternative strategies in younger than older patients.
Similarly, assuming the initial restoration to be single- instead of two-surfaced only minimally changed the absolute cost-effectiveness, but not the ranking.
Besides absolute cost-effectiveness values (mean and standard deviations, rounded to.0/.5), differences between strategies were calculated relative to the highest ranked strategy.
The hypothetical control group could provide only an indirect comparison with other interventions and prostheses but a sound new estimate of the absolute cost-effectiveness of THR.
The final scenario reflected the fact that the absolute effectiveness and cost effectiveness of A-CVCs will be dependent on starting rates of infection [ 40]; lower (0.8%) and higher (5.0%) rates were used to cover the range reported from individual hospitals within the surveillance dataset.
They found that for the region including East-Africa the cost effectiveness of an absolute risk approach varied between 230 and 1010 international dollars per DALY averted depending on the risk level [ 12].
While it is accepted that for use in economic evaluation it is the absolute difference and not the effect size that determines cost effectiveness, the standard deviation influences the degree of uncertainty in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis [ 24].
The most aggressive strategy based on absolute risk thresholds, focusing on all patients with risks above 5%, was the most effective but at an incremental cost effectiveness ratio that was well above the benchmark of three times GDP per capita.
It is the combination of this base risk and the relative treatment effect that determines the absolute reduction in events, which determines the intervention's cost effectiveness.
We have not provided definite comment on what threshold of absolute risk should be used for intervention, as that would include cost effectiveness analyses, which are outside the scope of this study.
Such under-representation biases estimates of absolute effect, absolute harm and cost-effectiveness.
