Exact(2)
Using the individual predictions for the BLR for stroke (BLRstroke(i)) and for bleeding (BLRbleed(i)), the absolute beneficial effect and also the absolute adverse effect with warfarin can be individualised as ARRstroke(i =RRRstroke×BLRstroke(i) and ARIbleed(i =RRIbleed×BLRbleed(i), respectively.
An odds ratio of 2.66 [95% confidence limits = 1.2 to 5.8] for an adverse event in the next 24 months was observed in patients in the lowest tertile for global MacNew HRQL at discharge compared to those in the highest tertile with an absolute adverse event rate of 28% in the low HRQL and 9% in the high HRQL group [ 19].
Similar(58)
The review found the DPP-4 inhibitors exhibited low absolute rates of adverse effects.
The absolute numbers of adverse outcomes on which the differences in relative incidence are based are usually very small.
The absolute number of adverse events was low and none were more common with praziquantel than placebo (see Analysis 1.4).
In addition, the absolute number of adverse events overall did not appear to increase following a PDSS event compared with prior to the PDSS event.
A similar phenomenon was observed in the Pro.V.A. Study, 13 wherein patients with AF and low ejection fractions had the highest absolute risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
To complicate matters, the absolute numbers of adverse outcomes on which the differences in relative incidence are based usually are very small.
Bolen et al. used a random-effect model to estimate post-treatment differences in absolute risk for adverse events between individual drugs, drug groups, or therapies.
17 21 22 23 Finally, we pooled the absolute frequency of adverse outcomes after treatment (pT) and in the cumulated control populations (pC) and derived the number needed to treat to harm (NNTH) as the reciprocal of the risk difference (1/[pT−pC]).
We pooled the absolute frequency of adverse obstetric outcomes after treatment (pT) and in the cumulated control populations (pC) and derived the number needed to treat to observe obstetric harm in one treated woman (NNTH) (table 8).
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