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In the absence of panel data, the training participation of internationalized firms cannot be analyzed over time at the establishment level.
The study notes, "In the absence of panel data on the research inputs and outputs of smaller firms, it is difficult, however, to come to any definitive conclusions about the effect of size or overall R&D spending on research outcomes".
Notwithstanding that such retrospective tools can suffer from reporting bias, they provide useful information on the relevance and consequences of various threats to household welfare in the absence of panel data.
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As shown in Fig. 6A, PDGF-bb greatly enhanced HDF migration under serum-free conditions in the absence of TGFβ3 (panel b versus panel a).
In cells depleted of p97, essentially 100% of the accumulated p120 molecules have an N-terminal Flag tag removed in a protease protection experiment conducted in the absence of detergent (panel A), whereas a C-terminal Flag tag is completely protected (panel B).
In the absence of a panel of experts Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach is used in order to filter the best out of the possible network structures, seeking for the maximum technical efficiency.
In writing my abstract for the "Absence of Absences" panel, I violated every rule of good writing to which I usually try to adhere.
I am sure that the other people who were on the "Absence of Absences" panel in Tokyo are serious scholars who care deeply about their research and can explain it in plain language if asked to do so.
Furthermore, in the absence of a panel of RNAi pathway gene knockouts, such as is available in Arabidopsis, hotspot characterization helps to elucidate the functional classification of a given small RNA because the neighboring small RNAs are included in the analysis.
First, delayed diagnosis was used as a reference in the absence of a panel of experts or an independent diagnostic process.
Each strain in this subset was subjected to PCR-based typing to detect the presence or absence of a panel of 18 genes previously proposed to be involved in pathogenesis, metabolism or host specificity (Additional File 2: Table S2).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com