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In the absence of experimentation, establishing whether or not native declines in abundance or diversity are caused by Swietenia proliferations will require vegetation surveys that move beyond static to dynamic patterns.
This amount of variation is consistent with divergence within this clade since the last common ancestor and sheds some doubt on the supposition of conservation of function in the absence of experimentation.
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Such differences might impact on differences in the primary immune response; nevertheless, in the absence of further experimentation, this remains pure speculation.
The phenomena we consider are dynamically complex, and in the absence of direct experimentation, strongly call for a modelling approach.
How can we distinguish bona fide functional transcripts, in the absence of directed genetic experimentation?
In vitro experimentation showed absence of mutations and good viability of cells cultured on this material.
The optimal coated lipid film composition was obtained through iterative rounds of experimentation to obtain the most stable bilayer (defined as the absence of leakage and physical evidence of an intact LB for at least 1 month at 4 °C).
Susceptibility to smoking, defined as absence of a firm decision not to smoke [ 12], has been shown to be a strong marker of experimentation with and uptake of smoking among adolescents [ 13, 14].
However, in the absence of unequivocal epidemiological data, results from animal experimentation are an important and indispensable source of information.
Years of experimentation ensued.
I see an awful lot of experimentation".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com