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Additionally, given the capacity of mass spectrometric techniques to detect several thousand component peaks from individual plasma samples, higher false discovery rates (FDR) are anticipated in the absence of corrections for multiple statistical comparisons.
First, and most importantly, we found that – even in the absence of corrections for rate heterogeneity – addition of just one more monocot to their dataset produced trees strongly supportive of 1) the Amborella-sister topology and 2) the idea that the grasses-sister topology is a consequence of LBA causing a misrooting of angiosperms.
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The new method appears to remove the bias introduced due to absence of correction for blood volume in regular graphical analysis and can be considered in clinical studies.
Weaknesses in this study include the modest size of the cohorts, borderline significance of some SNPs in the absence of correction, cross-sectional design and recruitment limited to Caucasians with a minimum 15 pack years.
However, we report in the present study that whilst such correlations do exist, they do so in absence of correction for patient age.
Here it is enough to say that the appearance of acidosis indicates the energy failure of a group of cells that, in the absence of correction, may result in cellular death after a few hours.
If we derive an approximate formula for ω = Ka/Ks ≈ (Nd/N /(Sd/S) (the symbol of "≈" is used to emphasize the absence of correction for multiple substitutions), ω is composed of two parts: Nd/N and Sd/S.
We are aware of the problem that the absence of correction for multiple testing enlarges the risk to commit the alpha error, i.e. to assume a between group difference that in reality does not exist.
Despite the absence of correction for multiple tests, principal component analysis (PCA) generated with the 660 transcript levels showed appropriate separation between fat and lean chickens on the two principal components, explaining 30% of the data variance (Additional file 1).
The aberrant nature of the loadings in the absence of correction for dilution factors (see Figure 4) reflects the application of mean-centering to data sets that contain high intensity signals with a high degree of variance, as is often likely with small samples of indeterminate and variable volume.
It is also possible that some factors (such as smoothing kernel, absence of correction for multiple comparisons and cluster size thresholds) that vary across different VBM studies may exert an influence on the final coordinates generated in each study, thus also affecting the results of ALE meta-analyses [ 71].
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