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"In this case, however, the commission requested reformulation in the absence of adequate data.
As such models need to be calibrated against measured values, the absence of adequate data can be problematic.
First, in the absence of adequate data on the cost and benefit of apprenticeship training, the causal impact of such subsidies on a firm's training activity remains unclear.
As in note 3, the influence of market intermediaries on vertical price transmission could not be tested empirically for absence of adequate data.
However, past efforts to apply biomarkers to studies of low levels exposure to urban air pollution have given inconclusive results, partly because of the absence of adequate data on personal exposure, covering a time-window which is appropriate for the biomarkers being examined, as well as a battery of biomarkers reflecting different stages of the carcinogenic process.
Vaccinations rates dropped sharply in Britain after its publication, falling to 80% by 2004. 1 Measles rates have increased sharply in the subsequent years. 2 Wakefield's response to the allegations of fraud is that "in the absence of adequate data on vaccine safety" one cannot be confident in their safety.
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Among its problems were a confusing, overly broad definition of risk assessment, the omission of such crucial aspects of risk assessment as decisions about what one should do in the absence of adequate information, and a presumption that sufficient data would be readily available.
However, the paucity of adequate data prevents a true computation.
Lack of adequate data hampers visibility, effective policies, and research.
In the absence of adequate experimental data, in silico modeling might be helpful in filling data gaps for the toxicity of ILs towards various ecological indicator organisms.
Such models are always site and context specific but they are critical in the absence of adequate monitoring data that would enable rigorous empirical analysis or innovative population modelling [3].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com